Clinical Chemistry Theory Paper
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KMLTTB OCTOBER 2014 EXAMINATIONS
DIPLOMA LEVEL
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN SECTION A AND B
Q1 Why can’t the enzymes in the saliva work in the stomach?
(a) It is too dark
(b) Conditions are too acidic
(c) They get broken down by bacteria
(d) Movement of the stomach is very fast
Q2 Uric acid levels are determined in the diagnosis of:
(a) Gout
(b) Cirrhosis
(c) Renal failure
(d) Cardiomyopathy
Q3 To accurately deliver 5µL of specimen, the appropriate apparatus to use is:
(a) Automated pipette
(b) Volumetric pipette
(c) Graduated pipette
(d) Measuring cylinder
Q4 Picric acid is used as one of the reagents in the estimation of :
(a) Urea
(b) Creatinine
(c) Protein
(d) Amylase
Q5 Which of the following is NOT a urine preservative for creatinine clearance :
(a) Thymol
(b) Concentrated HcL
(c) Toulene
(d) Glycerine
Q6 Which of the following is a NOT a renal function parameter :
(a) Blood urea nitrogen
(b) Potasium
(c) Lipase
(d) Creatinine
Q7 A specimen with a lot of bilirubin can be referred to as :
(a) Icteric
(b) Haemolyzed
(c) Lipaemic
(d) Alkapuric
Q8 Serum potassium concentration of 8.59 mmol/L refers to a condition known as.
(a) Normal
(b) Hyponatraemia
(c) Hypernatraemia
(d) Hyperkalaemia
Q9 Which of the following is an analytical method for glucose estimation estimation.
(a) Hexokinase
(b) Glycogen oxidase
(c) Ion selective electrodes
(d) Turbimetric
Q10 Glycosuria can be defined as:-
(a) Presence of oxidants in urine
(b) Presence of glucose in urine
(c) Detection of protein in urine
(d) Presence of glucose in blood
Q11 Automation in clinical chemistry laboratory:-
(a) Applicable in the laboratory with minimal work load
(b) Improves precision and accuracy
(c) Does not use conventional methods
(d) Very cheap to maintain
Q12 Accuracy and precision is determined by the use of::-
(a) Standard solution
(b) Reference solution
(c) Quality control solution
(d) Analar reagent
Q13 Electrophoresis refers to:-
(a) Movement of particles
(b) Migration of charged particles/solutes in a liquid medium under the influence of an electric current
(c) Use of cellulose paper
(d) Use of advanced technology
Q14 What is the total volume when a 1 to 4 dilution is made in a solution?:-
(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) 10
Q15 Which of the following is a test for detecting bence jones protein :
(a) Flame photometry
(b) ISE
(c) Brandshaw
(d) Jaffes reaction test
(e) Keratin
Q16 Which of the following is the current technological method of analyzing serum sodium:
(a) Flame photometry
(b) Ion selective electrode
(c) Spectomagnetic
(d) Jaffes reaction test
Q17 Which of the following is a NOT a renal function parameter :
(a) Blood urea nitrogen
(b) Potasium
(c) Lipase
(d) Creatinine
Q18 In the metabolism of glucose, insulin and glucagon have a common characteristic:
(a) Acts on the same body cells
(b) Promotes glycogenesis
(c) Promotes glycogenolysis
(d) Have the same effect in control of blood glucose
Q19 When handling a blood specimen, the following must be used as a protective tool :
(a) Face mask
(b) Hand gloves
(c) Aluminium cloth
(d) Forceps
Q20 It is a good laboratory practice to wear the following types of shoes when working in the laboratory
(a) Open shoes
(b) Closed shoes
(c) Slippers
(d) Black shoes
SECTION B (30 MARKS)
- List five pre analytical errors that would compromise the quality of clinical chemistry laboratory reports
- List five requirements of quantitative analytical procedure
- Given the optical density of total protein test and standard as 0.75 and 1.25 respectively, and the concentration of the protein standard as 100g/l:-
(a) Calculate the protein concentration of the test
(b) Given the reference range of total protein as (62-83)g/l comment on the report
(c) How many mls of distilled water must be added to 5 mls of a 2M NaCL solution in order to obtain a final solution of 0.1 M. (Mwt: Na+ =23; Cl- =35.5)